Nuclear power plant with home-made lifting equipme核电站用起重设备国产化nt

Nuclear power plant with home-made lifting equipment

Localization of the Hoisting Equipment Used for Nuclear Power Plants
Miyamoto-chi
(Lifting Equipment Co., Ltd. of Tianjin, Tianjin 300220)
After the introduction of nuclear power plants with the characteristics and types of lifting equipment, equipment layout and application of the situation, and so on the basis of the current nuclear power plants introduced by lifting equipment in China to achieve the status quo and future of all domestic necessity and possibility.
Nuclear power; lifting equipment; domestic
Abstract: This article introduces the feature, type, layout and application etc. Of hoisting equipment used for nuclear power plants. On the above bases, it also introduces the actual condition of the homemade hoisting equipment used for nuclear power plants and the necessity and possibility to achieve the entirely homemade hoisting equipment in the future.
Key words: Nuclear power plant; Hoisting equipment; Localization


Nuclear power plant to use lifting equipment is not the core of the nuclear power plant equipment, but it is also essential to one of the major equipment. No lifting equipment, nuclear power will not be able to carry out a variety of equipment to set up the installation; any special lifting equipment, material handling, and other aspects of nuclear reactors will not be able to carry out normal, all of the equipment system can not carry out normal maintenance and repair.
According to China's existing lifting equipment design and development, technology manufacturing, test, install and set up to safeguard the use of the skills and capabilities, China is using nuclear power lifting equipment can be made to take the lead in all.

1 nuclear power plant with the characteristics of lifting equipment

1.1 Special equipment - cranes
1.1.1 special equipment
Special equipment is related to the safety of dangerous equipment. "Special equipment to monitor the safety regulations," special equipment provided for in the following three categories: one for the boilers, pressure vessels and pressure piping; for the second crane (lifting equipment) and elevators; for the third passenger ropeway and large entertainment facilities And so on. Lifting equipment with nuclear power are special equipment.
1.1.2 special equipment safety management regulations
As one of the special equipment lifting equipment, and technical management of its security laws and regulations are usually divided into 4 levels: level 1 is the law, there are "special equipment to monitor the safety regulations" and "special equipment to monitor the quality of supervision and security"; layer 2 Is a point of order, such as GB6067 "Lifting the security point of order" and so on; Layer 3 is the norm, such as GB3811 "Crane Design Code"; No. 4 is the standard level, the crane national standards, industry standards and business standards. Nuclear Power lifting equipment must be used in the above-mentioned 4-management laws and regulations.
1.1.3 special equipment crane safety aspects of technology management
Crane safety technology management in the following 3 main components: the design and manufacture, install and use to set up maintenance.
Cranes must have a factory of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine issued a permit to create, or are not allowed to supply production.
Cranes must be installed to set up departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of Quality and Technical Supervision issued a permit to set up a crane to install before they can engage in the work of setting up a crane to install.
In lifting equipment to be used by the local "special equipment to identify the administrative licensing," the accrediting bodies (such as cranes security checkpoints,), the resumption of testing or inspection standard, the safe use of payment cards can be used later.
As a result, nuclear power plants to use lifting equipment must have a permit to create the factory production, has set up a permit to install the units to set up and security holders of permits before they can use.
1.2 lifting equipment of the nuclear power plant classification
1.2.1 in accordance with international standards for classification
Crane is divided into four broad categories:
(1) the type of tower cranes, mainly for construction work;
(2) the type of mobile cranes, such as automobiles, tires and crawler cranes, mainly for construction of civil engineering;
(3) the type of crane arm style, such as the common bridge or gantry crane hoist and crane, and so on;
(4) gantry crane types, such as the use of the Harbor Crane, mainly for loading and unloading operations.
Nuclear power plant used in the lifting equipment belong to the category of gantry cranes, most of them got up cranes, and more abroad as the Hoist Crane.
1.2.2 by end-use categories
Nuclear Power lifting equipment used by end-use classification of the following three categories:
(1) the installation of equipment to set up a crane, such as crane Orbit 407 t Central (Central suspended), 380 t gantry crane, and so on;
(2) use the crane to run operations, such as 10 / 2 t refueling gantry crane, and so on;
(3) the maintenance of equipment maintenance by a crane, such as cranes and so on a variety of gourd.
1.2.3-class nuclear crane classification
Was being lifted could be used to directly or indirectly caused by the release of dangerous radioactive load of lifting equipment, known as the nuclear-class cranes.
By the use of a nuclear crane occasions, dangerous nuclear load was being lifted with the use of different types of cranes can be divided into nuclear fuel, lack of nuclear materials and nuclear waste crane crane 3.
According to the lifting of direct or indirect risk of radioactive characteristics, according to load the degree of risk and safety reliability of the nuclear-class cranes can be divided into first, second and third 3 different levels of nuclear-class crane.
1.3 nuclear power plant with an integrated feature of lifting equipment
1.3.1 the use of environmental specialization
Nuclear power plant to use lifting equipment working environment for the river or the sea, and air corrosion, the working environment humidity, so the ability to request lifting equipment corrosion.
The island's main nuclear possibility of a lifting equipment, either directly or indirectly caused by nuclear radiation or radioactive release of dangerous pollution of the work environment.
1.3.2 the use of safe and reliable performance, high accuracy
The main use of nuclear power lifting equipment was used nuclear fuel was being lifted, the lack of nuclear material or nuclear waste or other dangerous load, or hoisting equipment, large-scale overhaul of precious, and so on, this request lifting equipment to be safe, reliable, to balance the requirements of action, to position Accurate.
1.3.3 the use of low-frequency, low-level work
Nuclear power plant to use lifting equipment was being lifted for most of the installation of equipment or repair equipment, often long after the completion of the installation of equipment out in a free state, even as equipment maintenance, for more than a year with a meetings or even 10 years, 8 1 year, even as the operations run by the nuclear-class lifting equipment, is not frequently used.
Crane used by the frequency and severity of the load being lifted, can be divided into 8, that is, A1 ~ A8-class, nuclear power plants in accordance with the characteristics of working with lifting equipment, its level should be below the rank of A4, the design need not be too conservative, As a result of conservative and to prevent too large and the impact of construction between the size limit.
1.3.4 species, variety, the large number of
By Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station, for example, a 2 × 100 million kW nuclear power plant standards, the need to have more than 10 different types of structure and function of lifting equipment, the weight of 0.05 ~ 407 t, span of 2.6 ~ 42.6 m, there is a simple manual cranes, but also Fully automated operation of the nuclear-level crane, for a total of more than 250 Taiwan.

2, Ling Ao Nuclear Power lifting equipment overview

Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station of the use of lifting equipment by the name of the 15 sub-species, 257 Taiwan dollars, from the weight of 0.05 ~ 407 t, span of 2.6 ~ 42.6 m. Cranes which got up (to hand chain hoist, electric hoist chain and wire rope electric hoist, as of hoisting mechanism lifting equipment, collectively referred to as cranes hoist) there are 239 units, cranes hoist has 6-class nuclear-hoist crane. Cranes hoist the total number of Taiwan-lifting equipment 92.9 percent, but starting from the weight of the total number of dollars from the total weight of 21.5 percent.

3, lifting equipment Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station in China

Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station to a project, for example, nuclear power plants to play habit of lifting equipment weight G = 40 t for the division of the limits to the type of crane, that is, from G ≤ 40 t weight of the various types of cranes lifting equipment known as small-scale (usually called PTP4 small cable car), G> 40 t known as the large-scale lifting equipment. In the Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station at home and abroad from the procurement of 257 Taiwan-lifting equipment, large-scale lifting equipment accounted for only 13, 12 of which are imported from abroad, only 1 domestic product (G = 63 t).
As the Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station to take the nuclear island and conventional island of the three major BOP system for the procurement of equipment were subcontracting, that it is conventional reunification of the island of a variety of lifting equipment imported from Finland KON company; BOP system made use of lifting equipment; nuclear Island Large lifting equipment plant and the nuclear fuel inside the unity of all lifting equipment imported from France, the other lifting equipment made use of lifting equipment.
Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station in a project, since all the weight of large, high technology equipment have been taken to lift the import, such as the 407 t crane Central, 130 t container crane, 380 t hanging doors, 185 t crane and large inter-nuclear 2 t-class nuclear material hanging poor, 5 / 2 t-assisted nuclear and suspended 10 / 2 t-for nuclear material, such as hanging. For only part of the installation, maintenance equipment and plant BOP lifting equipment used in domestic equipment.
Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station project a total of 59 Taiwan imports lifting equipment, equipment in accordance with the number of dollars, accounting for only 23 percent; made lifting equipment from the total weight of 593 t, from the total weight of 3 526.1 t of 16.8 percent, it is estimated that lifting the import Procurement of equipment, lifting equipment will account for the value of the total procurement value of more than 90%, we can see Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station project in a home-made lifting equipment is concerned, although there are some breakthroughs, but made little effort, local production is quite Low.

4 nuclear power plant to use lifting equipment in China

4.1 lifting equipment with nuclear power plants made the need for
To overcome the past through multiple heap-based, multi-country detour to introduce the technology in the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station have been using Chinese and foreign two-reactor construction and commissioning co-management, responsible for foreign models and Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station as the principal foreign consulting the Chinese side Responsible for the operation and management model based on the current investment is about the construction of nuclear power will reach more than 70% of local production of nuclear power equipment. To make full use of domestic conditions play to our capabilities, the building of nuclear power will be 100% of all home-made large-scale development of nuclear power in China is an important goal.
As the installation of equipment to set up nuclear power plant, power plant operation and maintenance of equipment essential to lifting equipment, the same should also be made to reach all.
4.2 Nuclear Power lifting equipment made by the possibility of
China's existing factory lifting equipment is fully capable of designing and manufacturing a nuclear power plant used in a variety of lifting equipment.
4.2.1 China has been the norm than the crane design specifications, protocols and guidelines
At present, China has a very mature crane design specifications (GB3811), lifting safety (GB6065) and lifting equipment of various types of state or industry standards. Especially EJ/180/-1993 "nuclear power plant design principles dedicated crane" has been able to fully guide ring hanging, hanging containers and hanging-class nuclear design. China engaged in the design and development of lifting the level of professionals is not worse than abroad, with hoisting and conveying machinery of professional colleges, research institutes, the number of significant design institute, technical strength and extremely strong.
4.2.2 China's legal system have special equipment to monitor the safety regulations
At present, China has been lifting equipment design and manufacture, test, install and use to set up maintenance, management of the implementation of the rule of law, that is, the factory must have a permit to create various types of products have been corresponding test rules, to set up the installation must be installed To set up a permit to use the lifting equipment must be on the safe use of evidence.
4.2.3 China has been strong lifting equipment manufacturing strength
After investigation and study, the Ling Ao nuclear power plant used in the lifting equipment, are gantry cranes, in addition to 13 large-scale gantry crane, the rest belong to the crane hoist. At present, GM has a gantry crane hoist and crane manufacturing license of the large number of manufacturers.
Nuclear Power lifting equipment, in addition to the standard EJ/1801-1999 "nuclear power plant design principles dedicated appliances," stipulated in the ring 407 t crane, 130t container cranes (nothing to do with nuclear safety) and 10 / 2 t-for-suspended material, 5 / 2 t Des nuclear hanging 2 t and lack of nuclear material suspended (with the nuclear safety level of nuclear-related suspended), the other lifting equipment are common standard cranes, according to the requirements of nuclear power that is able to supply a little improvement. Dalian lifting one group of workers was lifting support for Pakistan Chashma Nuclear Power Plant, manufacturing over Central rail cranes, the nuclear industry for 404 manufacturing plants over 130 t spent nuclear material container crane; Lifting Equipment Co., Ltd. in Tianjin for the Daya Bay and Ling Ao Island nuclear power plant to provide nuclear fuel in addition to outdoor all small crassipes PTP4 a variety of cranes, but also for the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant BOP system to provide all the lifting equipment. In addition, Tianjin, a crane 404 factory plant also provided 10 / 2 t-door lack of nuclear material handling cranes working capital. This shows that China now has a complete design and manufacture and installation of lifting equipment to set up nuclear power plants with the capacity and conditions.
4.3 pair of home-made several suggestions and prospects
4.3.1 to speed up the pace of home-made
Nuclear power plant to use lifting equipment must be made to the current domestic lifting equipment manufacturers and related institutions, many scientific research institutes, complete with the means to design their own development, production and use of nuclear power plants to create lifting equipment It is entirely possible to achieve all of the first home-made.
4.3.2 to the development of standardized
With the great development of nuclear power, nuclear power is bound to the standardization of nuclear power direction, nuclear power plants with a variety of equipment are bound to move towards standardization in order to facilitate the selection, design, manufacture, support, maintenance and so on.
4.3.3 direction to become a professional
According to the use of nuclear power lifting equipment and different types of species, size and tonnage of lifting the level of technical content and complexity of the arrangements could reasonably good choice for the professional division of labor factory for the production of specialized suppliers.
4.3.4 to the development of cooperatives
For large-scale nuclear power plant or nuclear-level special crane, if necessary, can also take a joint home and abroad for the design, manufacture, testing or drawing foreign domestic manufacturing of a variety of forms of cooperation, gradually increase the domestic totally made up.
4.3.5 point to the direction of
Specialized in the production of nuclear power plants to use lifting equipment on the basis of attention to the cultivation, selection, determine the supply of fixed-point production plant in order to facilitate the use of nuclear power lifting equipment to ensure the quality and supply of spare parts.

References
[1] EJ/1801. "Nuclear power plant design principles dedicated crane" .1993
[2] Miyamoto-chi. Ling Ao Nuclear Power Station to use lifting equipment inspection report.
核电站用起重设备国产化

Localization of the Hoisting Equipment Used for Nuclear Power Plants
宫本智
（天津起重设备有限公司，天津 300220）
在介绍了核电站用起重设备特点与类型、设备布局与应用等状况的基础上，介绍了目前核电站用起重设备的国产化现状和今后达到全部国产化的必要性和可能性。
核电站；起重设备；国产化
Abstract: This article introduces the feature, type, layout and application etc. of hoisting equipment used for nuclear power plants. On the above bases, it also introduces the actual condition of the homemade hoisting equipment used for nuclear power plants and the necessity and possibility to achieve the entirely homemade hoisting equipment in the future.
Key words: Nuclear power plant; Hoisting equipment; Localization


核电站用起重设备虽然不是核电站的核心设备，但也是必不可少的重要设备之一。没有起重设备，核电站的各种设备就无法进行安装架设；没有一些专用起重设备，核反应堆装卸料等环节就无法正常进行，各个系统的设备也无法进行正常的检修与维护。
根据中国现有起重设备的设计开发、工艺制造、试验检测、安装架设与使用维护的技术水平与能力，中国目前核电站用起重设备可以率先全部走向国产化。

1 核电站用起重设备的特点

1.1 特种设备——起重机
1.1.1 特种设备
特种设备是指涉及生命安全、危险性较大的设备。《特种设备安全监察条例》中规定的特种设备有以下3大类：其一为锅炉、压力容器和压力管道；其二为起重机（起重设备）和电梯；其三为客运索道和大型娱乐设施等。核电站用起重设备均属于特种设备。
1.1.2 特种设备的安全技术管理法规
作为特种设备之一的起重设备，其安全技术管理法规通常分为4层：第1层是法律，有《特种设备安全监察条例》和《特种设备质量监督与安全监察规定》；第2层是规程，如GB6067《起重机械安全规程》等；第3层是规范，如GB3811《起重机设计规范》；第4层是标准，有相应的起重机国家标准、行业标准和企业标准。核电站用起重设备也必须在上述4层法规管理之下。
1.1.3 特种设备起重机的安全技术管理环节
起重机的安全技术管理有以下3个主要环节：设计制造、安装架设和使用维护。
起重机制造厂必须有国家质量监督检验检疫总局颁发的制造许可证，否则不准生产供货。
起重机安装架设部门必须具有省、自治区、直辖市质量技术监督局颁发的起重机安装架设许可证方可从事起重机安装架设工作。
在用的起重设备必须由当地具有“特种设备行政许可鉴定”的评审机构(如起重机安全检查站、所)，经检验或者复验合格，发放安全使用证以后方可使用。
因此，核电站用起重设备必须由具有制造许可证的厂家生产，具有安装架设许可证的单位安装架设，并持有安全使用证方可使用。
1.2 核电站起重设备的分类
1.2.1 按国际标准分类
起重机分为4大类：
(1) 塔式类型起重机，主要用于建筑工程；
(2) 流动类型起重机，如汽车、轮胎和履带起重机，主要用于土木建设工程等；
(3) 臂架式类型起重机，如通用桥式或门式起重机和葫芦式起重机等；
(4) 桥门式类型起重机，如海港用门座起重机，主要用于装卸作业。
核电站所用的起重设备均属于桥门式类起重机，其中大部分为葫芦式起重机，国外多称为Hoist Crane。
1.2.2 按用途分类
核电站用起重设备按用途分类有以下3大类：
(1) 安装架设设备用起重机，如407 t环轨起重机(环吊)、380 t门式起重机等；
(2) 运行作业用起重机，如10/2 t换料门式起重机等；
(3) 设备维护检修用起重机，如各种葫芦式起重机等。
1.2.3 核级起重机分类
用来吊运可能直接或间接引起放射性释放的危险载荷的起重设备，称为核级起重机。
核极起重机按使用场合、吊运核危险载荷用途与类型之不同可分为核燃料起重机、核乏料起重机和核废料起重机3类。
根据吊运具有直接或间接放射性危险的特点，按载荷的危险程度和安全可靠程度，核级起重机又可以分为一级、二级和三级3种不同级别的核级起重机。
1.3 核电站用起重设备的综合特点
1.3.1 使用环境的特殊化
核电站用起重设备工作环境为海边或河边，空气腐蚀性大，工作环境湿度大，因而对起重设备要求能耐腐蚀。
核岛内主要起重设备处于有可能直接或者间接引起核放射危险或者放射性释放物污染的工作环境中。
1.3.2 使用性能要求安全可靠、准确性高
核电站用主要起重设备是用来吊运核燃料、核乏料或核废料等危险载荷，或是吊装检修贵重大型设备等，为此要求起重设备必须安全、可靠，动作要求要平衡，定位要准确。
1.3.3 使用频率低，工作级别低
核电站用起重设备绝大多数是用来吊运安装设备或检修设备用，往往设备安装完工后长期处于停用空闲状态，即使作为检修设备用，多为1年用1次甚至10年、8年用1次，甚至作为运行作业用的核级起重设备，使用也并不频繁。
起重机按使用频繁程度和吊运载荷的轻重程度，又可分为8级，即A1～A8级，根据核电站用起重设备工作特点，其工作级别应在A4级以下，设计时不必过于保守，以防因保守而体积过大影响与土建之间的极限尺寸。
1.3.4 品种、类别繁多，数量大
以岭澳核电站为例，一座2×100万kW标准核电站，需拥有10余种不同结构类型及功能的起重设备，重量0.05～407 t，跨度2.6～42.6 m，有简单手动起重机，也有完全自动化操作的核级起重机，共计250余台。

2 岭澳核电站起重设备概况

岭澳核电站使用的起重设备按名称分有15种，计257台，起重量0.05～407 t,跨度2.6～42.6 m。其中葫芦式起重机(以手拉葫芦、环链电动葫芦和钢丝绳电动葫芦作为起升机构的起重设备统称为葫芦起重机)有239台，葫芦式起重机中拥有6台核级葫芦式起重机。葫芦式起重机占整个起重设备台数的92.9%，但是从起重量总数计仅占总起重量的21.5%。

3 岭澳核电站起重设备的国产化

以岭澳核电站一期工程为例，核电站起重设备习惯以起重量G=40 t为界限来划分起重机类别，即起重量G≤40 t的各种类型起重机称为小型起重设备(通常称PTP4小吊车)，G＞40 t的称为大型起重设备。在岭澳核电站从国内外采购的257台起重设备中，大型起重设备仅占13台，其中有12台是从国外进口的，国产产品仅有1台(G=63 t)。
由于岭澳核电站采取核岛、常规岛和BOP三大系统分别分包采购设备，所以才有常规岛各种起重设备统一由芬兰KON公司进口；BOP系统全部采用国产起重设备；核岛的大型起重设备及核燃料厂房内的全部起重设备统一由法国进口，其它起重设备采用国产起重设备。
岭澳核电站一期工程中，凡是起重量较大、技术含量较高的起重设备均采取进口，如407 t环吊，130 t容器吊、380 t门吊、185 t超大跨桥吊和核级2 t核乏料吊、5/2 t核辅助吊及10/2 t核换料吊等。只有部分用于安装、检修设备和BOP厂房中的起重设备采用国产设备。
岭澳核电站一期工程共进口59台起重设备，按设备台数计，仅占23%；国产起重设备总起重量为593 t，占总起重量3 526.1 t的16.8%，估计进口起重设备的采购值将占起重设备总采购值的90%以上，可见岭澳核电站一期工程在起重设备国产化方面虽然有一定的突破，但国产化的力度不大，国产化率还是相当低的。

4 核电站用起重设备的国产化

4.1 核电站用起重设备国产化的必要性
克服以往走过采用多种堆型、多国引进技术的弯路，在已有大亚湾核电站采用中外双堆建造与调试共同管理、外方负责的模式和岭澳核电站以我为主、外方咨询、中方负责的运营管理模式的基础上，目前即将投入的核电建设将达到70%以上的核电设备国产化率。充分利用国内条件，发挥自己的能力，将核电建设达到100%全部国产化才是我国核电大发展的重要目标。
作为核电站设备安装架设、电厂运行和设备检修必不可少的起重设备，同样也应该达到全部国产化。
4.2 核电站用起重设备国产化的可能性
中国现有的起重设备制造厂，完全有能力设计制造出核电站用的各种起重设备。
4.2.1 中国已具有较规范的起重机设计规范、规程和准则
中国当前已有相当成熟的起重机设计规范(GB3811)，起重机械安全规程(GB6065)和各种类型起重设备的国家或行业标准。特别是EJ/180/—1993《核电厂专用起重机设计准则》已能充分指导环吊、容器吊和各种核级吊的设计。中国从事起重设计开发的专业人员水平并不比国外差，拥有起重运输机械专业的大专院校、研究所、设计院数目可观，技术力量十分雄厚。
4.2.2 中国已有法制化的特种设备安全监察条例
中国目前已将起重设备的设计制造、试验检测、安装架设和使用维护，实行法制化管理，即制造厂必须有制造许可证，各种产品已有相应型式的试验细则，安装架设必须有安装架设许可证，在用起重设备必须有安全使用证。
4.2.3 中国已具有雄厚的起重设备制造实力
经考察调研，岭澳核电站所用的起重设备，均属于桥门式起重机，其中除了13台大型桥门式起重机外，其余均属于葫芦式起重机。目前国内已拥有通用桥门式起重机和葫芦式起重机制造许可证的厂家众多。
核电站起重设备中，除了标准EJ/1801-1999《核电厂专用起重设计准则》中规定407 t环吊、130t容器吊(与核安全无关)和10/2 t换料吊、5/2 t核辅吊及2 t核乏料吊(与核安全有关的核级吊)之外，其它起重设备均为通用标准型起重机，按核电要求稍加改进即可以供货。其中大连起重工起重集团公司曾经为支援巴基斯坦恰希玛核电站，制造过环轨起重机，为核工业404厂制造过130 t核乏料容器起重机 ；天津起重设备有限公司曾为大亚湾和岭澳核电站的核岛提供除核燃料室外所有PTP4各种小型葫芦式起重机，还为大亚湾核电站BOP系统提供过全部起重设备。另外，天津起重机厂还曾为404厂提供过10/2 t门式核乏料周转装卸起重机。由此可见，中国目前已完全具有设计制造和安装架设核电站用起重设备的能力和条件。
4.3 对国产化的几点建议与展望
4.3.1 加快国产化步伐
核电站用起重设备走向国产化势在必行，目前国内起重设备生产企业、相关的大专院校、科研院所众多，完全有条件、有能力自行设计开发、生产制造出核电站用起重设备，完全可以率先达到全部国产化。
4.3.2 向标准化方向发展
随着核电的大发展，核电必然要向标准化核电站方向迈进，核电站用各种设备也必然要走向标准化，以利选型、设计、制造、配套、维护等。
4.3.3 向专业化方向发展
根据核电站用起重设备的不同类型与品种，起重吨位大小和技术含量高低及复杂程度，可以合理安排选择好各专业制造厂进行分工，进行专业化生产供货。
4.3.4 向合作化方向发展
对于核电站专用大型或核级起重机，必要时也可以采取国内外联合设计、制造、调试或采取外来图纸国内加工制造的多种合作方式，逐步加大国产化直到完全国产化。
4.3.5 向定点化方向发展
在专业化生产核电站用起重设备的基础上，注意培养、选择、确定定点供货的生产厂，以利于核电站用起重设备的质量保证和备品备件的供应。

参考文献
[1] EJ/1801.《核电厂专用起重机设计准则》.1993
[2] 宫本智.岭澳核电站用起重设备考察报告.